Study of Doubts of Qquranic Researches

Study of Doubts of Qquranic Researches

A Comparative Study of the Relationship between Tawhid and praying to non-Allah from the Perspective of Rashid Rida and Allameh Tabatabai

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
hasanali noroozi 1
sayed reza moadab 2
1 سرپرست دانشکده علوم قرآنی ملایر
2 ostad daneshgah qom
10.22034/sdqr.2022.113681
Abstract
Worship of God is the main philosophy of human life and the call to monotheism and worship of Allah, which is one of the instinctual and natural needs of man, has always been the headline of the mission of all prophets and preachers of God and all religions and Islamic sects agree that worship is only for God. However, the Begging-like behavior of some Muslims, such as the Shiites who call upon the Holy Prophet (PBUH) and other saints, or humiliate and humble themselves in front of their graves, has been severely criticized by Mohammad Rashid Rida in his commentary of Al-Manar. While the general Muslims have always acted in this way throughout history, not only in belief, but in their behavior. This research was conducted with the library method and analytical and comparative approach of Allameh Tabatabai and Rashid Rida, with the aim of achieving the correct point of view from the Quran’s perspective and removing the accusation against Shiites in worshiping saints and polytheism in worshiping the one God. By examining the basic concepts, especially the concept of worship and prayer in dictionaries and their Qur'anic applications, it became clear that the examples of supplication and worship to non-Allah, which have been criticized by Rashid Rida, are not only away from polytheism but in the direction of monotheism and worship of Allah.
Keywords
Monotheism
Prayer
Divinity
True Worship
Comparative Approach
Allameh Tabatabai
Rashid Rida
ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣĤﺧﺬ و . ﮐﺮﯾﻢ ١ ﻗﺮآن . . اﺑﻦ ٢ ی ﺗﯿﻤﯿﻪ، ﺑﯽ اﻟﺪﯾﻦ اﺣﻤﺪ). .( ﺗﺎ اﻟﮑﺒـﺮی ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺮﺳﺎﺋﻞ و اﻟﻤﺴـﺎﺋﻞ .ﺑﯿـﺮوت :دار اﺣﯿـﺎء اﻟﺘـﺮاث اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯽ. . اﺑﻦ ٣ ). .(اﻟﻠﻐﻪ ١٩١٨ ﺪّ درﯾﺪ، ﻣﺤﻤ ﺟﻤﻬﺮة ٣ .ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ رﻣﺰی ﻣﻨﯿﺮ ﺑﻌﻠﺒﮑﻲ .ﺟﻠﺪ .ﭼﺎپ اول .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﻌﻠـﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ. . اﺑﻦ ٤ ﺪّ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻮهﺎب .(اﻟﺸﺒﻬﺎت ١٤٢٠). ﻣﺤﻤ، ﮐﺸﻒ .اﻟﺮﯾـﺎض :وزارة اﻟﺸـﺌﻮن اﻻﺳـﻼﻣﯿﻪ واﻻﻗـﺎف واﻟـﺪﻋﻮة واﻻرﺷﺎد . . اﺑﻦ ٥ ). .(اﻟﻠﻐﻪ ١٤٠٤ ﻓﺎرس، اﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﻘﺎﯾﯿﺲ . ﺪ هﺎرون .ﻗﻢ :ﻣﮑﺘﺐ اﻻﻋﻼم اﻻﺳﻼﻣﯽ ّ .ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺴﻼم ﻣﺤﻤ . اﺑﻦ ٦ ﺑﯽ .( ). ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﮑﺮم ّ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر، ﻣﺤﻤ ﺗﺎ اﻟﻌﺮب ﻟﺴﺎن . .ﺑﯿﺮوت :دار اﺣﯿﺎء اﻟﺘﺮاث اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯽ ٧. ). .(اﻟﻤﻮاﻗﻒ ﺑﯽ ١٢٨٦ اﯾﺠﯽ، ﻋﻀﺪاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ﺑﻦ اﺣﻤﺪ ] . ﺑﯽ ﺟﺎ] :[ .[ ﻧﺎ ٨. ). .(آﻻءاﻟﺮﺣﻤﻦ ١٣٥١ ﺪﺟﻮادّ ﺑﻼﻏﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ . .ﺑﯿﺮوت :ﻣﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎن . ﺟﻮادی ٩ ). .(ﻗﺮآن ١٣٩٣ آﻣﻠﯽ، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ در . .ﭼﺎپ هﻔﺘﻢ .ﻗﻢ :ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﻧﺸﺮ اﺳﺮاء . اﺳﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ ١٠ ﺟﻮهﺮی، ). .(اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿـﻪ ١٣٦٨ ﺑﻦ ﺣﻤﺎد ﺗـﺎج اﻟﻠﻐـﻪ و اﻟﺼـﺤﺎح .ﭼـﺎپ دوم .ﺑﯿـﺮوت :دار اﻟﻌﻠـﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﻼﯾﯿﻦ . ١١. ). .( آن ١٣٨٩ ﺣﺒﯿﺒﯽ، ﺧﺎدم ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﺪ وﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ وهﺎﺑﯿﺖ در ﻣﺴـﺌﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺣﯿـﺪ و ﻟـﻮازم . ﭼﺎپ اول .ﻗﻢ .ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ و ﭘﮋوهﺸﯽ اﻣﺎم ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ. ١٢. ). . .(١٤١٦ ﺪ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ ّ ﺣﺮ ﻋﺎﻣﻠﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤ وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺸﯿﻌﻪ ﭼﺎپ  ﺳﻮم .ﻗﻢ :ﻣﺆﺳﺴـﻪ آل اﻟﺒﯿـﺖ ﻻﺣﯿـﺎء اﻟﺘﺮاث. . ﺣﯿﺪری ١٣ ). .(ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ ١٣٨٧ ﻓﺮ، ﻣﺠﯿﺪ ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ ﺗﺮﻧﻢ . .ﭼﺎپ اول .ﻗﻢ :اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﻤﺼﻄﻔﯽ اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﻪ . روح ١٤ ﺧﻤﯿﻨﯽ، ). .(ﺳﯿﺎﺳﯽ ١٣٩٠ اﻟﻠﻪ وﺻﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ اﻟﻬﯽ . )ﺻﺤﯿﻔﻪ اﻧﻘﻼب .(ﭼﺎپ هﻔﺘﻢ .ﻗﻢ :داراﻟﻔﮑﺮ . ﺑﯽ ١٥ ﺧﻮﺋﯽ، اﺑﻮاﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ). .( ﺗﺎ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن ﻓﯽ ﺗﻔﺴﺮاﻟﻘﺮآن ﺑﯽ ] . . ﺟﺎ :[اﻧﻮار اﻟﻤﻬﺪی ١٦. ). .(١۴١۵ ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ّ رازی، ﻓﺨﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﮑﺒﯿﺮ. )ﻣﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻟﻐﯿﺐ .(ﻗﻢ :داراﻟﻔﮑﺮ ١٧. ). .(اﻟﻘـﺮآن ١٤١٦ ـﺪّ راﻏﺐ اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﯽ، ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ﺑـﻦ ﻣﺤﻤ ﻣﻔـﺮدات اﻟﻔـﺎظ ﺷـﻤﺲ .ﻣﺤﻘـﻖ اﺑـﺮاهﯿﻢ . اﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﮑﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﻪ. ١٨. ). .(اﻟﻘﺮآن ١٤٠٤ ﺪّ رﺷﯿﺪرﺿﺎ، ﻣﺤﻤ دروس ﻣﻦ . .ﭼﺎپ دوم .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻻﺣﯿﺎء اﻟﻌﻠﻮم ١٩. ). .(اﻟﻤﻨﺎر ١٤١٤ ﺪّ رﺷﯿﺪرﺿﺎ، ﻣﺤﻤ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻘﺮآن اﻟﻌﻈﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﻬﯿﺮ ﺑﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ . .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﻤﻌﺮﻓﻪ . ﺑﯽ ٢٠ ـــــــــــــــــــ). .( ﺗﺎ اﻟﺸﯿﻌﻪ اﻟﺴﻨﻪ و ﺑﯽ ] . ﺑﯽ ﺟﺎ] :[ .[ ﻧﺎ
۶٠ | دوﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪﺷﺒﻬﻪ ـ ﭘﮋوهﯽ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻗﺮآﻧﯽ ١ ﺳﺎل اول، ﺷﻤﺎره ١٣٩٨ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﺰ و زﻣﺴﺘﺎن ،
. ﺑﯽ ٢١ .( ). ﺪ ﻣﺮﺗﻀﯽ ّ زﺑﯿﺪی، ﻣﺤﻤ ﺗﺎ اﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮس ﺗﺎج اﻟﻌﺮوس ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮاهﺮ ﺑﯽ ] . ﺑﯽ ﺟﺎ] :[ .[ ﻧﺎ ٢٢. ). .(اﻟﺘﻨﺰﯾـﻞ ١٤١٨ ﺪﺑﻦ ﻋﻤﺮ ّ زﻣﺨﺸﺮی، ﺟﺎراﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻤ اﻟﮑﺸﺎف ﻋﻦ ﺣﻘﺎﺋﻖ ﻏـﻮاﻣﺾ .ﺗﺤﻘﯿـﻖ اﻟﺸـﯿﺦ ﺪ ﻣﻌﻮض .اﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ اﻻوﻟﯽ] .ﺑﯽ ّ ﻋﺎدل اﺣﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد و اﻟﺸﯿﺦ ﻋﻠﯽ ﻣﺤﻤ . ﺟﺎ :[ﻣﮑﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻌﺒﯿﮑﺎن ٢٣. ). .( ١٣٧٣ ﺳﺒﺤﺎﻧﯽ، ﺟﻌﻔﺮ اﻟﻒ اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ﻓﺮهﻨﮓ ﻋﻘﺎﯾﺪ و ﻣﺬاهﺐ . .ﭼﺎپ اول .ﻗﻢ :ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ ). . ــــــــــ ٢٤ .( ١٣٧٣ ــــــــ ب ﺟﺎوﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﺸﻮر . .ﭼﺎپ ﺳﻮم .ﻗﻢ :اﻋﺘﻤﺎد ٢٥. ). .(وهﺎﺑﯿﺖ ١٣٧٦ ـــــــــــــــــ آﯾﯿﻦ . .ﭼﺎپ هﺸﺘﻢ .ﻗﻢ :دﻓﺘﺮ اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﺳﻼﻣﯽ ٢٦. ). .(اﻟﻘﺮآن ١٤١٢ ﺪ ﺣﺴﯿﻦ ّ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﯾﯽ، ﻣﺤﻤ اﻟﻤﯿﺰان ﻓﯽ اﻟﺘﻔﺴﯿﺮ . .ﭼﺎپ ﭘﻨﺠﻢ .ﻗﻢ :ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ اﺳﻤﺎﻋﻠﯿﺎن ٢٧. ). .(اﻟﺒﯿﺎن ١٤٠٦ ﻃﺒﺮﺳﯽ، اﺑﯽ ﻋﻠﯽ اﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ . .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﺘﺮاث اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯽ ٢٨. ). .(اﻟﻘﺮآن ١٤١٢ ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺟﺮﯾﺮ ّ ﻃﺒﺮی، ﻣﺤﻤ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن ﻋﻦ ﺗﺄوﯾﻞ آی . .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﮑﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﻪ . ﺑﯽ ٢٩ ﻃﺮﯾﺤﯽ، ﻓﺨﺮاﻟﺪﯾﻦ). .( ﺗﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮﯾﻦ. .ﺑﯿﺮوت :ﻣﮑﺘﺒﺔ اﻟﻬﻼل . ﺑﯽ ٣٠ ﻃﯿﺐ، ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﺤﺴﯿﻦ). .( ﺗﺎ اﻟﺒﯿﺎن اﻃﯿﺐ . .اﺻﻔﻬﺎن :اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات اﺳﻼم ٣١. ). .(اﻣﺎم ١٣٧٨ ﻓﺎﺿﻠﯽ، ﻗﺎدر ﺷﺮح ﻣﺒﺴﻮط وﺻﯿﺖ ﻧﺎﻣﻪ . .ﭼﺎپ دوم .ﺗﻬﺮان :اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻓﻀﯿﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻢ ٣٢. ). .(١٤٢٥ ـﺪّ ﻓﺨﺮ رازی، اﻣـﺎم ﻣﺤﻤ ﺗﻔﺴـﯿﺮ اﻟﻔﺨـﺮ اﻟـﺮازی اﻟﻤﺸـﺘﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻔﺴـﯿﺮ اﻟﮑﺒﯿـﺮ و ﻣﻔـﺎﺗﯿﺢ اﻟﻐﯿﺐ. .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﻔﮑﺮ ٣٣. ). .(اﻟﻌﯿﻦ ١٤١٤ ﻓﺮاهﯿﺪی، ﺧﻠﯿﻞ ﺑﻦ اﺣﻤﺪ ﮐﺘﺎب اﺳﻮه .ﭼﺎپ اول .ﻗﻢ :اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات . ٣٤. ). . .(١٤٢٩ ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﯾﻌﻘﻮب ّ ﻓﯿﺮوزآﺑﺎدی، ﻣﺠﺪاﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﻤ ﻗﺎﻣﻮس اﻟﻤﺤﯿﻂ . ﺑﯿﺮوت :دار اﻟﮑﺘﺎب اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯽ ٣٥. ). .(اﻟﻤﻨﯿﺮ ١٤٠٥ ﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻠﯽ اﻟﻤﻘﺮی ّ ﻓﯿﻮﻣﯽ، اﺣﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﺤﻤ اﻟﻤﺼﺒﺎح . .ﭼﺎپ اول .ﻗﻢ :ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ داراﻟﻬﺠﺮه ٣٦. ). .(اﻟﻘﺮآن ١٣٧٦ ﻗﺮﺷﯽ، ﺳﯿﺪ ﻋﻠﯽ اﮐﺒﺮ ﻗﺎﻣﻮس اﻻﺳﻼﻣﯿﻪ .ﭼﺎپ دوازدهﻢ .ﺗﻬﺮان :داراﻟﮑﺘﺐ . ٣٧. ). .(اﻟﻘﺮآن ١٤٣٣ ﺪ ﺑﻦ اﺣﻤﺪ ّ ﻗﺮﻃﺒﯽ، اﺑﻮﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﻤ اﻟﺠﺎﻣﻊ ﻻﺣﮑﺎم . .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﻔﮑﺮ ٣٨. ). .(اﻟﻤﺮاﻏﯽ ١٤١٨ ﻣﺮاﻏﯽ، اﺣﻤﺪ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﯽ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ . .ﺑﯿﺮوت :داراﻟﮑﺘﺐ اﻟﻌﻠﻤﯿﻪ ٣٩. ). .(اﻟﻘـﺮآن ١٣٦٠ ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻮی، ﺣﺴﻦ اﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿـﻖ ﻓـﯽ ﮐﻠﻤـﺎت .ﭼـﺎپ اول .ﺗﻬـﺮان :ﺑﻨﮕـﺎه ﺗﺮﺟﻤـﻪ و ﻧﺸـﺮ ﮐﺘﺎب . . ﺟ ٤٠ ﻣﮑﺎرم ﺷﯿﺮازی، ﻧﺎﺻﺮ و ). .(ﻧﻤﻮﻧـﻪ ١٣٧٠ ﻤﻌﯽ از داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪان ﺗﻔﺴـﯿﺮ .ﭼـﺎپ هﻔـﺘﻢ .ﺗﻬـﺮان :داراﻟﮑﺘـﺐ اﻻﺳﻼﻣﯿﻪ . ٤١. ). .(راهﯽ ١٣٨۴ ــــــــــــــــــــــ وهﺎﺑﯿﺖ ﺑﺮ ﺳﺮ دو .ﭼﺎپ دوم .ﻗﻢ :اﻧﺘﺸﺎرات ﻣﺪرﺳﻪ اﻻﻣﺎم ﻋﻠـﯽ ﺑﻦ اﺑﯽ ﻃﺎﻟﺐ . » .(١٣٩٠). ﻧﻮروزی، ﺣﺴﻨﻌﻠﯽ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ و اﺟﺘﻬﺎدی ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺎر و اﻟﻤﯿﺰان در ﺷـﺮک .« ﺑﺎب ﺗﻮﺣﯿـﺪ و ﭘﺎﯾـﺎن ﻧﺎﻣﮥ ﺳﻄﺢ ﭼﻬﺎر ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺨﺼﺼﯽ ﺗﻔﺴﯿﺮ ﺣﻮزه ﻋﻠﻤﯿﻪ ﻗﻢ.
Study of Doubts of Qquranic Researches
Volume 4, Issue 7 - Serial Number 7
January 2023
Pages 153-184

  • Receive Date 22 May 2020
  • Accept Date 25 July 2020